This study examines earnings losses associated with motherhood using longitudinal administrative Canadian data. Contrary to the endogenous motherhood hypothesis, the author found no dips in earnings for women during their prechildbirth years. Although the results show that earnings losses incurred by mothers in the year of childbirth and the year…

This study examines the relationships between maternal employment, nonparental care, mother-child interactions, and preschoolers' outcomes. Data from the Canadian National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (N = 1,248) show that maternal employment during the previous year, especially full-time employment, was related to care by…

Developed and tested model of how mothers' (n=147) interrole conflict and satisfaction with role of employed mother affected children's behavior. Found relationship between maternal employment role experiences and children's behavior was mediated by personal strain and parenting behavior. (Author/ABL)

Elementary school children (N=50) completed a questionnaire related to their perception of having working mothers. Using path analysis, found older children, girls, and children who stay alone after school feel more negatively affected by their mothers' employment than younger children, boys, and children who are supervised after school. (Author)