In recent decades, history and education scholars in the Western world have argued for a constructivist approach to disciplinary thinking in the teaching and learning of History, known as "historical thinking". Yet, there has been little classroom-based empirical research exploring how teachers engage with historical thinking theory,…

To prepare students for participation in a pluralistic, democratic society, history curriculum should help them develop mature ideas about why multiple accounts of the same events exist. But how can we know if we are successful? In this article, we describe work on the design, validation, and piloting of a paper-and-pencil instrument called the…

Argues that instruction about Native Americans or Canada Natives often has been limited to colorful tales about ancient lifestyles or a trip to a museum. Asserts that teachers should provide more accurate and useful information as they integrate native studies into the social studies curriculum. (CFR)