The relationships among race, class and academic achievement are complex, yet have been well documented in Canada for the last thirty years. Generations of students have experienced them--lowered expectations for achievement, gross generalizations about parents' backgrounds and aspirations, negative stereotypes of communities, and curricula that…

The powerlessness of African-Caribbean/Canadian males stems from racism, sexism, and the absence of acceptable models of manhood, and results in their numerous social and educational problems. Adult African-Caribbean/Canadian men serving as positive role models and mentors for boys in the school and community can encourage development of…