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Validity and Bias of Academic Achievement Measures in the First Year of Elementary School
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Hammes, Patricia Simone; Bigras, Marc; Crepaldi, Maria Aparecida – International Journal of Research & Method in Education, 2016
We tested the criterion-related validity and potential bias of two measures of pupils' academic achievement: the Teacher Rating Scale (TRS) and the Mathematics and Literacy Achievement Tests (MLTs). These measures are representative of assessment methods largely used in the elementary school. The aims were: (1) to verify the extent to which TRS…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Academic Achievement, Validity, Bias
Friendship Conflict and the Development of Generalized Physical Aggression in the Early School Years: A Genetically Informed Study of Potential Moderators
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Salvas, Marie-Claude; Vitaro, Frank; Brendgen, Mara; Dionne, Ginette; Tremblay, Richard E.; Boivin, Michel – Developmental Psychology, 2014
Several authors consider high and frequent conflicts between friends during childhood as a serious risk for subsequent conduct problems such as generalized physical aggression toward others (e.g., Kupersmidt, Burchinal, & Patterson, 1995; Sebanc, 2003). Although it seems logical to assume that friendship conflict could have some negative…
Descriptors: Friendship, Behavior Problems, Aggression, Conflict