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Peer reviewedFry, P. S. – Journal of Counseling Psychology, 1984
Evaluated hopelessness, depression, and self-esteem among depressed elderly people (N=78) and developed a Geriatric Hopelessness Scale (GHS). As predicted, elderly subjects who scored high on the GHS showed significantly higher depression and lower self-esteem scores. (JAC)
Descriptors: Depression (Psychology), Foreign Countries, Geriatrics, Older Adults
