A course is described where students are engaged in an inquiry-based quarter-long research project to synthesize a known pharmaceutical target. Students use literature search engines, such as Reaxys and SciFinder, and the primary chemical literature as resources to plan and perform the synthesis of their pharmaceutical target. Through this process, students develop critical thinking, problem solving, and data analysis skills in the laboratory setting. Teaching assistants guide students through three phases of the research process: (1) literature-based proposal, (2) experimentation and analysis, and (3) communication of research findings by oral presentation and written report. This course is designed for upper-division chemistry majors, taken as the third-quarter organic laboratory class after two quarters of introductory laboratory courses and two quarters of the associated organic chemistry lecture courses. Nine different teaching assistants have taught the course described to over 90 students in four different quarters.