By most measures, students with disabilities (SWDs) are not receiving the education they need and deserve in California schools and districts. In 2019, 187 of 333 (56 percent) districts were identified for differentiated assistance because SWDs did not meet standards for two or more priority areas on the California School Dashboard. California requires its special education teachers to serve about 30 students, nearly double the national average of 17. Nearly two thirds of all first-year special education teachers lacked full credentials in 2017-18. This report focuses on policies in Massachusetts, New Jersey, and Florida to improve inclusion rates and the academic performance of SWDs. Inclusion is defined as having SWDs spend 80 percent or more of their time with students in general education classrooms. Research has shown that inclusion positively impacts academic and social-emotional outcomes for all students. In 2017-18, California maintained one of the lowest inclusion rates nationally: 56 percent, compared to a national average of 63.4 percent.