One of the highest priorities of American Federation of Teachers (AFT) Higher Education over the past several years has been the shift away from a corps of full-time, tenure-track faculty to a contingent instructional workforce in American colleges and universities. This document focuses on one aspect of that shift: full-time faculty who are not eligible for tenure. These are faculty members who work full time, but are on one-year or multi-year contracts without the job security or the professional control that characterizes tenured positions. The report begins with a tracking of the overall growth of full-time nontenure-track faculty and examining the differences in how two-year and four-year institutions are generally moving away from tenure. Working conditions and conditions of gender and race are examined relative to the shift away from tenure. The trend towards continued institutionalized practice of hiring full-time nontenured faculty is expected, particularly in four-year institutions. The report concludes by looking at the role of the union, including campus studies from California, Illinois, Pennsylvania and Vermont. (Contains 2 figures and 13 tables.) [This document was produced by AFT Higher Education, a division of the American Federation of Teachers.]