Addressing the issue of testing and evaluation in English at the university level, this paper focuses on the development and use of the English Placement Test developed by the California State University system. The discussion of this testing program is placed within a framework of four testing principles: testing is an essential part of learning and is necessary for effective teaching; tests in English should examine directly and reinforce meaningful writing and reading skills; it is important to know who wields the testing power, and how responsibly; and the use made of test results should be carefully investigated. The discussion includes information about two major proficiency tests given at the secondary level; public higher education in California; the history of testing in English at the university level in that state; the creation of the test development committee, whose job was to develop a systemwide test to be required of all entering college freshmen; the components of the test; and the use made of test results. The paper concludes that the testing program has been successful and has gained faculty approval throughout the state university system. (FL)