Civil Rights legislation, now 50 years old, "de facto" segregation based on socioeconomic factors, such as poverty and ethnicity in urban areas translates into the surrounding schools, with a legacy of limited funding, reduced services, and teachers with limited training to successfully engage students in high poverty areas. This study…

This monograph, a revision of a report prepared pursuant to a contract with the Commission on Civil Rights, discusses neighborhoods and schools, primary school variation in cognitive development, father absence and school achievement, neighborhood and school segregation, later effects of school segregation, self-concept, aspirations, and…