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Nirmla Griarte Flores; Elsie N. Solis; Clara Amador-Lankster; Isabel Badilla Zamora; Ana María Hernández Segura; Sylvia Segura Esquivel; Gabriela Solís Sánchez; Margarita Urdaneta Benavides – NABE Journal of Research and Practice, 2023
This transnational comparative study between Costa Rica and the United States provides an in-depth understanding of the similarities and differences of the early literacy practices of educators in the Pre-Kindergarten to Kindergarten classroom settings. Drawing upon Costa Rica's curricular approach to Early Childhood Education, based upon the…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Cultural Differences, Emergent Literacy, Literacy Education
Sawaki, Yasuyo; Nissan, Susan – Educational Testing Service, 2009
The study investigated the criterion-related validity of the "Test of English as a Foreign Language"[TM] Internet-based test (TOEFL[R] iBT) Listening section by examining its relationship to a criterion measure designed to reflect language-use tasks that university students encounter in everyday academic life: listening to academic…
Descriptors: Test Validity, Language Tests, English (Second Language), Computer Assisted Testing