To investigate whether unions have helped or hindered the employment prospects of minorities and women, the author analyzes data on 1,273 California manufacturing plants for the period 1974-80. The main finding is that, with the exception of Hispanic females, unions have not been a significant impediment to minority or female blue-collar…

As part of a larger study of the efficacy of the local boards of trustees for California's community colleges, the chief executive officer (CEO) of each community college district was surveyed to determine what proportion of the more than 400 board members in the state were women, what the current or recent vocations of the board members were, and…

The purpose of this descriptive study was to gather baseline data on the employment picture of black women who are currently employed or have reentered a training educational program involving direct job opportunities. The study sample was selected from the rolls of nine black professional women's organizations in the state of California, and from…

Information is presented on the employment, classification, and compensation of ethnic minorities and women in California public postsecondary institutions in 1977, 1979, and 1981. The report is divided into separate sections for the University of California, the State University, and the California community colleges. Within each section, data is…

In March, 1979, the Commission on Women of the California Community and Junior College Association held two hearings to determine the needs of present and potential women students in the California community colleges. Of the more than 125 individuals in attendance, 48 presented approximately ten hours of testimony. Throughout the hearings there…

Pursuant to the California Education Code, Sections 87100-87106, this report summarizes the progress made by the 70 California community college districts in meeting affirmative action regulations calling for the establishment of district hiring programs aimed at increasing the number of women and ethnic minorities employed at all levels of…

Three studies compared the characteristics, preparation, and job satisfaction of male and female vocational agriculture teachers. The first was a national survey of teacher educators and administrators from 64 institutions (of 79 originally contacted) that prepare high school agriculture teachers. The other two studies examined the entire…

Surveys were mailed to all nurse practitioners (NPs), physician assistants (PAs) and certified nurse midwives (CNMs) registered in California, asking questions about education, labor force participation, specialty, and location and type of practice site, as well as the demographic characteristics of these professionals and their patients. Response…

This paper examines employment and earnings over a four-year period for a group of disadvantaged out-of-school youth who entered the Evaluation of the Center for Employment Training (CET) Replication Sites between 1995 and 1999. It assesses the importance of three key factors as barriers to employment: lack of a high school diploma, having…

Eleven papers on rural economic development cover challenges and opportunities; employment trends affecting nonmetropolitan areas; status of nonmetropolitan women and minorities; case studies of Vermont, North Carolina, Wisconsin, and California; western urban and regional development; economic development in small cities; and rural policy…

The outcomes and implementation of career academy programs in California were examined in a study of one school district's efforts to implement a uniform career academy model in 1990-1996. A cohort of approximately 10,000 students who were sophomores in the district's comprehensive high schools between 1990 and 1993 were followed through high…