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Direct linkGeorge C. Bunch – Intercultural Education, 2025
Access to core subject-area curriculum for students from immigrant backgrounds who are learning the dominant language of instruction has long been a barrier to equitable education around the world, especially in secondary schools. This article explores the promise of Complex Instruction (CI) to address barriers to access for such multilingual…
Descriptors: Teaching Methods, Difficulty Level, Multilingualism, Core Curriculum
Download full textCollins, Penelope; Tate, Tamara P.; Lee, Joong won; Krishnan, Jenell A.; Warschauer, Mark – Grantee Submission, 2021
We examined the contributions of English proficiency, genre, and the use of textual sources to adolescent writing. The sample included 1819 native English speakers and language minority students from 127 seventh- and eighth-grade classes in an urban school district. Students were randomly assigned one of three source-based essay prompts…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Grade 7, Grade 8, Middle School Students
Deane, Paul; Lawless, René R.; Li, Chen; Sabatini, John; Bejar, Isaac I.; O'Reilly, Tenaha – ETS Research Report Series, 2014
We expect that word knowledge accumulates gradually. This article draws on earlier approaches to assessing depth, but focuses on one dimension: richness of semantic knowledge. We present results from a study in which three distinct item types were developed at three levels of depth: knowledge of common usage patterns, knowledge of broad topical…
Descriptors: Vocabulary, Test Items, Language Tests, Semantics
Liu, Ou Lydia; Lee, Hee-Sun; Linn, Marcia C. – Educational Assessment, 2011
Both multiple-choice and constructed-response items have known advantages and disadvantages in measuring scientific inquiry. In this article we explore the function of explanation multiple-choice (EMC) items and examine how EMC items differ from traditional multiple-choice and constructed-response items in measuring scientific reasoning. A group…
Descriptors: Science Tests, Multiple Choice Tests, Responses, Test Items
What Works Clearinghouse, 2012
The research described in this report is a randomized controlled trial in which seventh- and eighth-grade students were randomly assigned to complete a set of 25 math questions delivered with either standard language or language that had undergone "linguistic modification" by the research team. The purpose of the study was to assess the…
Descriptors: Middle Schools, Grade 7, Grade 8, Mathematics Tests
Williams, Trish; Rosin, Matthew; Kirst, Michael W. – American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 2011
Educators and policymakers have debated in recent years how best to improve academic performance in the middle grades. In the absence of outcomes-based research about what works, school districts have reshuffled grade configurations, bolstered their focus on "academic rigor," and worked to ensure that students are engaged in school as…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Educational Change, Achievement Gains, Middle School Teachers
