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Qiu, Zhuang; Ferreira, Fernanda – Discourse Processes: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2022
This article presents a series of three experiments investigating the processing of nested epistemic expressions, utterances containing two epistemic modals in one clause, such as "he 'certainly may' have forgotten." While some linguists claim that in a nested epistemic expression one modal is semantically embedded within the scope of…
Descriptors: Epistemology, Expressive Language, Language Styles, Linguistic Input

Cole, Jason C.; And Others – Psychology in the Schools, 1997
Examines whether the type of pictorial stimulus affects the quality of an individual's written expression. Compared a pictorial stimulus to a conventional line drawing stimulus in its ability to evoke writing samples. Results of 50 respondents, ages 13 to 46, indicated that the type of prompt used in an assessment of written expression makes a…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Adults, Cues, Expressive Language