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Williams, Ebonee – Reading Improvement, 2014
For decades, minority students have been falling behind non-minority students, and schools have been striving to bridge this gap. It has, indeed, been challenging for middle and high schools, especially when striving to increase reading achievement: Since most middle and high school teachers are non-English teachers, they lack reading instruction…
Descriptors: Secondary School Students, Secondary School Curriculum, Barriers, Success

Krashen, Stephen – Reading Improvement, 1998
Notes the California's Reading Task Force's heavy emphasis on phonemic awareness (PA) evaluation and training. Argues that although evidence shows that phonemic awareness will emerge by simply reading, California's school libraries--ranked near last in the nation--would require a massive commitment to rise to the task. Argues (in an ironic tone)…
Descriptors: Beginning Reading, Early Childhood Education, Emergent Literacy, Phoneme Grapheme Correspondence