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Goltz, Heather Honore; Smith, Matthew Lee – Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 2010
Yule (1903) and Simpson (1951) described a statistical paradox that occurs when data is aggregated. In such situations, aggregated data may reveal a trend that directly contrasts those of sub-groups trends. In fact, the aggregate data trends may even be opposite in direction of sub-group trends. To reveal Yule-Simpson's paradox (YSP)-type…
Descriptors: Data, Statistics, Statistical Analysis, Models
Noah, Harold J.; Sherman, Joel D. – 1979
This comparative study of primary school finance is based on ten studies of the arrangements for financing primary education in Australia, Canada, the Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Yugoslavia. Chapter 1 describes the variety of approaches that individual countries…
Descriptors: Case Studies, Comparative Analysis, Educational Objectives, Elementary Education