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Direct linkCallahan, Rebecca; Gautsch, Leslie; Hopkins, Megan; Carmen Unda, Maria Del – Educational Policy, 2022
With the 2015 passage of the "Every Student Succeeds Act" (ESSA), the oversight of language policy in U.S. schools shifted from federal to state governance. Although the education of students officially designated as English learners (ELs) has historically been grounded in federal law, we argue that ELs' educational experiences are also…
Descriptors: Educational Policy, English Language Learners, Immigrants, Social Attitudes
Xi, Xiaoming – Language Assessment Quarterly, 2007
Although the primary use of the speaking section of the Test of English as a Foreign Language Internet-based test (TOEFL[R] iBT Speaking) is to inform admissions decisions at English medium universities, it may also be useful as an initial screening measure for international teaching assistants (ITAs). This study provides criterion-related…
Descriptors: Test Validity, Speech Tests, Language Tests, English (Second Language)
