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Gándara, Patricia – ETS Research Report Series, 2015
Although it is commonly thought that people who are bilingual have an advantage in the labor market, studies on this topic have not borne out this perception.The literature, in fact, has found an earnings penalty is associated with bilingualism--people who are bilingual often make less than people who are monolingual in similar jobs. This report…
Descriptors: Labor Market, Bilingualism, Immigrants, Hispanic Americans
Macías, Reynaldo F. – Review of Research in Education, 2014
The status of a language is very often described and measured by different factors, including the length of time it has been in use in a particular territory, the official recognition it has been given by governmental units, and the number and proportion of speakers. Spanish has a unique history and, so some argue status, in the contemporary…
Descriptors: Spanish, Official Languages, Language Attitudes, Educational Policy
Hartwick, James M. M.; Levy, Brett L. M. – Social Education, 2012
Last summer, California and Massachusetts became the sixth and seventh states--along with Hawaii, New Mexico, Vermont, Rhode Island, and Maryland--to send a resolution to the U.S. Congress calling for a constitutional amendment to (1) end the court's extension of personhood rights to corporations, and (2) enable the government to definitively…
Descriptors: United States History, Elections, Constitutional Law, Policy Analysis

Engstrand, Iris H. W. – OAH Magazine of History, 2000
Addresses whether or not the Spaniards were cruel by discussing such issues as the Spanish conquistadors of the 16th century, the presence of the Spaniards in New Mexico and California, the missionaries, and the Spanish naturalists of the late 18th century. Explains that some people protected and helped the Native Americans. (CMK)
Descriptors: American Indians, Foreign Countries, Land Settlement, Persuasive Discourse
Vigil, Antonio – Aztlan: A Journal of Chicano Studies, 2006
"Aztlanscape" is a painting that explores the notions of history, migration, and cultural exchange. It depicts various places with significant relationships to one another, reconfigured into a new landscape. The specific locales used in this painting are Albuquerque, New Mexico; Oakland, California; and Mexico DF, Mexico. These cities…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Migration, Cultural Influences, Painting (Visual Arts)