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Direct linkThomas-Sunesson, Danielle; Hakuta, Kenji; Bialystok, Ellen – International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 2018
Past studies examining the cognitive function of bilingual school-aged children have pointed to enhancements in areas of executive control relative to age-matched monolingual children. The majority of these studies has tested children from a middle-class background and compared performance of bilinguals as a discrete group against monolinguals.…
Descriptors: Cognitive Ability, Executive Function, Bilingualism, Hispanic Americans
Download full textWilliams, Trish; Perry, Mary; Oregon, Isabel; Brazil, Noli; Hakuta, Kenji; Haertel, Edward; Kirst, Michael; Levin, Jesse – EdSource, 2007
In spring 2006 California released its first ever school-level Academic Performance Index (API) scores for English Learners (ELs). These EL-API scores were based on California Standards Tests taken in the spring of 2005, and make it possible to identify how well schools were doing with this student population. It is not unexpected that elementary…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, English (Second Language), Teacher Surveys, Spanish Speaking
Hakuta, Kenji; Butler, Yuko Goto; Witt, Daria – 2000
This document discusses research findings related to the question of how long language minority students need special services such as English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) courses or bilingual education before they develop oral and academic English proficiency. It draws conclusions based on a study of four different school districts, two in…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Bilingual Education, Bilingual Education Programs, Educational Policy
