The higher education and research sector in Bulgaria is undergoing a gradual change. Whether this transformation will bring success or failure depends on how prepared stakeholders are to meet associated challenges and opportunities. The mobility of academics and the related phenomenon of brain drain need careful investigation. Academic teachers and researchers are among the driving forces of systemic transformation, and it is therefore of particular importance to look into the mobility of human resources and to develop an informed vision about the formation and main directions of change in the national scientific body.