This article offers a framework for analyzing social movement participation in public education through a focus on universities in Brazil. It builds on the literature on social movement-state relations, participatory governance, and community organizing in schools, drawing on the case of the Brazilian Landless Workers Movement and the National…

The author's primary aims are to clarify the differing rationales for affirmative action that have emerged in five nations--France, India, South Africa, the United States, and Brazil--and to make the case for the most compelling rationales, whether instrumentally or morally based. She examines the different social contexts surrounding the…