Drawing on curriculum examples from Australia and Canada, we outline three key elements to support the development school-based HPV vaccination literacy for young people: (1) knowledge and understanding about HPV and HPV vaccination; (2) the scientific principles underpinning vaccination; and (3) the socio-political factors influencing HPV vaccination. These elements benefit from cross-curricular integration and a whole-of-school approach. Educating young people about HPV and HPV vaccination improves their vaccination knowledge and understanding, health literacy and vaccination-related psychosocial outcomes.