Paired-associate learning is a dynamic measure of the ability to form new links between two items. This study aimed to investigate whether paired-associate learning ability is associated with success in orthographic learning, and if so, whether it accounts for unique variance beyond phonological decoding ability and orthographic knowledge. A group…

Second and fourth graders were assessed as skilled or less skilled in reading ability. Less skilled fourth graders performed worse than skilled second and fourth graders in recognizing the odd phoneme in a group of phonemes and performed similarly to skilled second graders on a test of verbal working memory. (BC)