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Marks, Gary N. – Educational Research and Evaluation, 2020
Most studies on the relationship between students' socioeconomic status (SES) and student achievement assume that its effects are sizable and causal. A large variety of theoretical explanations have been proposed. However, the SES-achievement association may reflect, to some extent, the inter-relationships of parents' abilities, SES, children's…
Descriptors: Socioeconomic Status, Academic Achievement, Causal Models, Ability