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| Hawkins, Robert P. | 2 |
| Pingree, Suzanne | 2 |
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Peer reviewedHawkins, Robert P.; Pingree, Suzanne – Communication Research--An International Quarterly, 1980
Elaborates on the cultivation hypothesis: that heavy television viewers incorporate biases present in television content into their own constructions of reality. Suggests that the integration of discrete television events into social reality beliefs requires cognitive skills not available to or unused by younger children. (JMF)
Descriptors: Adolescents, Attitudes, Audiences, Children
Peer reviewedHawkins, Robert P.; Pingree, Suzanne – Human Communication Research, 1981
Challenges two assumptions of the Gerbner cultivation analysis: that commercial television content is uniform in its symbolic messages about society's values, and that television viewing is habitual (ritual) rather than selective. Overall, both assumptions are found flawed; discarding them, however, serves to strengthen rather than weaken the…
Descriptors: Content Analysis, Elementary School Students, Foreign Countries, Hypothesis Testing
