Intended as a companion picce to volume 4 in the Method Series, Sociocultural Factors in Health Planning (CE 024 232), this fourth of six volumes in the International Health Planning Reference Series is a combined literature review and annotated bibliography dealing with social, cultural, and behavioral aspects of delivering, planning, and assessing health care in developing countries. The review identifies literature relevant to anthropological, sociological, and ethnomedical contributions to the study of health care systems. The first part offers background material for understanding cultural belief systems related to health in Central and South America, Africa, and Asia (definitions of health). In the second part the responses to illnes and beliefs regarding health that permeate any culture are described at the generic level. The third part reviews transcultural commentary on providing modern medicine to countries still using traditionl medical systems. Two case studies are included. The 193 references included in the review are contained in the bibliography. The format for each entry is author, title, source or publisher, data of publication, and annotation. (YLB)