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Development of Motivational Variables and Self-Esteem during the School Career: A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies
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Scherrer, Vsevolod; Preckel, Franzis – Review of Educational Research, 2019
Theoretical approaches and empirical research suggest a decline in the levels of motivational variables and self-esteem among students during the school career. However, precise statements about the magnitude of the change remain elusive. Conducting a meta-analysis of 107 independent longitudinal studies with 912 effect sizes, we found an overall…
Descriptors: Self Esteem, Self Concept, Student Motivation, Academic Ability