This research examines the perceptions of 141 Arizona educational stakeholders' (i.e. teachers, parents, high school students, and teacher candidates) perceptions of five English L1 teachers and five English LX teachers (with Spanish as their L1). Listeners responded to a survey in which they heard brief (1.5-2 min) recordings from each speaker;…

This research article highlights how two dual language kindergarten teachers in an urban Title I school incorporated family relationships and cultural practices to support children's learning through online schooling during the COVID-19 pandemic. We report from ethnographic work conducted during the 2020-21 school year through virtual classroom…

This article compares Spanish proficiency assessments across three states (Texas, Arizona, and California) in relation to four overarching themes: (a) verification methods of proficiency; (b) test-task authenticity; (c) impact of pedagogical content knowledge in test performance; and (d) conceptions of language 'correctness' on the scoring…

This paper explores how two dual language preschool teachers demonstrated critical consciousness in their dual language education (DLE) classroom in Arizona. DLE has historically been grounded in equity for language minoritized students and promises to support students' bilingualism, biliteracy, sociocultural competence, and academic achievement.…

Research Findings: We examined the amount of preschool lead/assistant teachers' English/Spanish language use and relations between quality of teacher-child interactions, and Dual Language Learners' (DLLs) English/Spanish bilingual vocabulary in 31 English-medium Head Start classrooms. Measures in this study included (a) children's conceptual…