While much has been noted about the toxic treatment of Latinxs in Arizona, there is a dearth of scholarship that focuses on the role of grassroots organizing and the role that Latinx teachers have in fighting back via their involvement in social movements in historically red states. Drawing from research on Latinx teachers, border thinking…

Drawing from observations and interview data, this essay examines the role of "hormiguero agency" in nurturing empowered identities amongst Latin@s in Phoenix, Arizona. Specific links are made to how dehumanizing state level policies are resisted in multiple spaces, including schools, activist organizations, and within underground…