Voting instruction typically provided to students is focused on educating for informed voting, but we believe it is essential that schools educate for informed and equitable voting. Indeed, in a well-functioning democratic society, participants need to be prepared to engage in critical, but civil, discourse with and about people who look and think…

This article examines the historical relationship between political power and the pursuit of education and social equality from the Reconstruction era to the present. The chief argument is that education equality is historically linked to and even predicated on equal political power, specifically, equal access to the franchise and instruments of…

Examines the change in status of African Americans in the American collective identity before and after the civil rights movement in the 1960s in terms of exclusion and inclusion. From the 1970s and onward, a gradual process of inclusion in terms of symbolic indicators (textbooks, history books, stamps, holidays) can be observed. (MMU)

Examines the legal anomaly of American Indian voters on reservations, who vote in state and local elections while claiming immunity from jurisdiction or citizen responsibilities. Reviews Constitutional history relevant to Indian voting rights, and two Arizona cases of attempts to dilute Indian voting strength by gerrymandering voting districts.…

In this paper the author argues that during the Civil Rights era, during that time of great concern regarding Black American voting and citizenship rights, ideas about rearing young Black children in the United States were explicitly introduced to guide parent education programs. Early emphases on deficits linked to educability, shifted to themes…

Reviews history of voting rights for Indians and discusses a 1986 decision calling for election reform in Big Horn County, Montana, to eliminate violations of the voting rights of the county's Indian citizens. Notes that positive effects--such as election of the county's first Indian commissioner--co-exist with enduring anti-Indian sentiment. (JHZ)

In the summer of 1975, the protective provisions of the 1965 Voting Rights Act were extended to parts of the Southwest. This marks a significant point in the history to secure for Chicanos a meaningful participation in the political process. The basic purpose of the Act assures that minorities can participate in the election process without any…