Signed into law in 1972, Title IX of the Education Amendments was designed to eliminate gender discrimination throughout the American educational system. Title IX applied to all educational programs at any level of schooling including admissions, financial aid, academic programs, and social organizations. However, Title IX has primarily been…

Arguably, the most important school-based intervention to increase physical activity was Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, which led to a 600% increase in girls' sports participation between 1972 and 1978. We studied the effect of this increase in sports participation and athletic opportunities while young on the physical activity and…

Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 state, "No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance". This provision paved the way for student-initiated…

Although women at first said their athletic programs would be different from men's, chances are good that women will follow the lead of men and develop similar problems. The solution is more institutional autonomy--each campus assuming responsibility for what happens there. (Author/LBH)

Concerned with the sex equity of college athletic programs, this newsletter focuses on (1) a large group of colleges lobbying against Title IX and seeking cutbacks on sports coverage, (2) the mobilization of community groups seeking sex equity in local schools in Michigan and North Carolina, (3) new guidelines for eliminating sex discrimination in…

Intercollegiate athletics should focus on the individual participant in her primary role as a college student, not follow the men's model of "nothing counts but victory." (MM)

Girls' athletics have grown tremendously since passage of Title IX, but attitudinal and financial barriers still inhibit full female sports participation. Girls too should have access to the physical fitness, emotional, and social benefits and status rewards accorded to athletes in our society. (Part of a theme issue on women.) (SJL)

"A Place on the Team" is the inside story of how Title IX revolutionized American sports. The federal law guaranteeing women's rights in education, Title IX opened gymnasiums and playing fields to millions of young women previously locked out. Journalist Welch Suggs chronicles both the law's successes and failures-the exciting…

This compendium of materials focuses on sex discrimination, Title IX, and women in sports, and provides information and recommendations on bringing about equity for women in athletic programs. The individual papers deal with the following topics: (1) the Women's Equity Action League (WEAL) Fund and its work; (2) equal opportunity and…

A major source of the controversy over Title IX and athletics is the meaning of equality, which may be measured in terms of opportunities, procedures, or results. Problems with coed teams, spending, intramural sports, spectator-oriented sports, quotas, scholarship policy, and recruiting are discussed. (LBH)

In 2002, the U.S. Department of Education established the Commission on Opportunity in Athletics to collect information, analyze issues, and obtain public input related to improving the application of current standards for measuring equal opportunity for boys and girls to participate in athletics under Title IX. The National Coalition of Woman and…

Title IX of the federal Education Amendments of 1972 requires that a fair share of athletic funds and facilities at American colleges and schools be given to females. Discusses what different schools around the United States are doing in reaction to that legislation. (Editor/RK)

Pursuit of a legislative exemption under Title IX for revenue-producing men's sports is seen as not in the best interests of athletes or colleges. A special exemption for revenue-producing sports may strengthen arguments for treating them as commercial rather than nonprofit activities. (MLW)

This curriculum guide helps teachers explore themes presented in a companion videotape, "Throw Like a Girl." Curriculum objectives, instructional strategies, and assessments align with the video's four-part structure. The video presents the story of what it has been like for females to play sports as told through the eyes of different…

One reaction to Title IX's basic requirement for equal opportunity for physical activity and sports, regardless of sex, was the widespread reevaluation of separate programs in physical education, intramurals, and athletics. To insure that all individuals would have equal opportunity in a given physical activity program, many administrators ordered…