Examines the health of a sample population, men aged 45-59 in 1969, who retired before age 62 between 1966-1975. Compares the health of men receiving Social Security disability benefits with that of men reporting work-limiting health conditions at retirement but not receiving Social Security disability benefits. (Author/SK)

Explores relationship between recent policy reforms, targeting proposals, and a universal Social Security program. Explores principles that inform Social Security, concluding that treating benefits as taxable income and raising retirement age push at boundaries of universality without violating fundamental precepts of social insurance program. (BF)

A model for examining the two basic approaches of encouraging later retirement is presented in which the coercive approach relies primarily on negative incentives such as benefit reductions, and the voluntary approach encourages continued employment through positive incentives and increased employment opportunities. The degree to which these…