This article provides a historical review of the FCS profession beginning with the Progressive Era and founder Ellen Swallows Richards. The review includes a summary of significant historical events and legislation, that reveal how the FCS profession addressed the needs of individuals, families, and communities from inception to the present. From…

Today, institutions of higher education enroll rural students, and specifically rural women, at rates lower than their urban counterparts (Flora et al., 2018). Additionally, the disciplines of teaching and home economics continue to dominate the curricular choices of rural women. As higher education scholars continue to explore these phenomena, a…

The purpose of this study was to examine and describe the historical role of competition as an instructional approach in School-Based, Agricultural Education (SBAE). Pragmatism was found to be the philosophical underpinning of competition in SBAE, and the influences of William James and John Dewey were described. The growth of new National FFA…

This study's purpose was to understand the historical evolution of the supervision of school-based, agricultural education (SBAE). Supervision as a concept is described, including its emergence as an integral part of public school education in the United States. Moreover, the perspectives of early leaders of vocational education, such as Charles…

Ongoing teacher shortages in SBAE have been a concern dating back to the Smith-Hughes Act of 1917 (Hillison, 1987). This historical inquiry identified the longitudinal trends revealed by data derived from the supply and demand studies of SBAE teachers over a 51-year period, and how the studies and their reporting procedures evolved. On average,…

Agricultural education programs are experiencing pressure to change from a variety of educational and societal influences. This pressure is not new to agricultural education programs. The evolution of vocational agriculture from 1945 to 1963 provides a historical example of vocational education change as a result of social influences. Rural…

Federal legislation has driven and been receptive to the vision of a rigorous, relevant career and technical education (CTE) system integrated with academics and aligned across middle school, secondary school, and postsecondary education. This article uses a social policy analysis approach to trace the history of federal CTE policy throughout the…

For-profit colleges have been dismissed by community college administrators and faculty as imperfect institutions that focus too heavily on skills-based training, to the detriment of a well-rounded academic experience. Although there are many appropriate criticisms of an educational model that relies on federal funding to make a profit--while…

A study was conducted to identify the greatest individuals and events in the history of the profession of agriculture education. A panel of members of the profession was used to generate the lists. Individuals included Ralph Bender and Clarence Bundy. Events included the Smith-Hughes Act and the establishment of Future Farmers of America. (CT)

A review of the history of competition and collaboration between agricultural education and cooperative extension identified the controversies and concerns of leaders after the passage of the Smith-Lever and Smith-Hughes Acts. Agricultural and cooperative extension leaders must look at the historical memoranda of understanding to find…

A coalition led by the National Society for Promotion of Industrial Education gained passage of the Smith-Hughes Act in 1917, but natural antagonisms quickly dissolved it. The coalition included unions, manufacturers, professional educators, political parties, farmers' groups, and home economics groups. This diverse group's accomplishment is a…

The author provides a historical review of the Snedden/Prosser Paradigm to enhance understanding of the social efficency philosophy that obviously influenced passage of the Smith-Hughes Act of 1917. This paradigm promoted a form of social control that mandated students' occupation and social position based on background and ability. (CH)

This history of the Federal Board for Vocational Education, established in 1917, reviews controversies over its constitutionality and control of education; criticism of its director, Charles Prosser; its contributions to vocational education; and reasons it was abolished in 1946. (SK)

Traces the process by which nursing education obtained funds under the Smith-Hughes Act of 1917 and identifies the role of the Federal Board for Vocational Education in establishing the precedents that led to health occupations education as a part of vocational education. (SK)

When the Smith-Hughes Vocational Education Act became law in 1917, home economics, agriculture, and trade and industrial education were the first three disciplines to be earmarked for federal funding. Over the century, these fields have evolved to reflect changing realities in jobs and lifestyles. (JOW)