In the Bible, the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse are said to usher in the end of the world. That is why, in 1964, Judge Ben Cameron gave four of his fellow judges on the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit the derisive nickname "the Fifth Circuit Four"--because they were ending the segregationist world of the Deep…

This article explores the legacies of the 1954 "Brown v. Board of Education" Supreme Court decision within the historical context of race relations in the United States. The pursuit by African Americans to exercise their rights of citizenship is described as influenced by the changing face of fear. The Supreme Court decisions that…

In the case of Lucile Bluford, a respected Black woman journalist applying for admission to the University of Missouri School of Journalism in 1939, an examination of the archives and records, newspaper and magazine articles, scholarly works on the case, and an interview with Miss Bluford makes it clear that University of Missouri officials were…

Analyzes four significant court cases that span the rise of a body of jurisprudence in the United States known as civil rights law. Describes each of these cases in detail showing the profound impact they have had on the rights of all citizens and, in particular, African Americans. (CMK)

Analyzes Thurgood Marshall's role as a critical jurist, especially in light of recent criticism directed at Brown v Board of Education. It discusses the separate-but-equal doctrine of Plessy v Ferguson and Marshall's underlying strategy that such a doctrine was harmful to black children. It concludes with the author's interpretation of Marshall's…

Provides a historical overview of desegregation policies, approaches, and priorities through an analysis of legal developments and strategies since 1850. Discusses the implications of the reassessment and redirection on equity and educational excellence that have occurred over the past decade. (FMW)

Discusses the resistance of both Blacks and Whites to the federally mandated integration of the Louisiana State University system and an end to its "separate but equal" policies. Emphasizes the role of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). (FMW)