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Doolittle, Sara – AERA Online Paper Repository, 2020
This paper explores two previously unstudied court challenges brought by black settlers in the territorial and early statehood period of Oklahoma (1889-1907). Oklahoma Territorial courts heard more challenges to segregated schools than in any state as these black pioneers challenged new legislation that segregated previously integrated territorial…
Descriptors: United States History, African Americans, Geographic Location, Court Litigation
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Grinstein, Max – History Teacher, 2020
In the Bible, the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse are said to usher in the end of the world. That is why, in 1964, Judge Ben Cameron gave four of his fellow judges on the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit the derisive nickname "the Fifth Circuit Four"--because they were ending the segregationist world of the Deep…
Descriptors: Judges, Court Litigation, United States History, Racial Segregation
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Castro, Eliana; Presberry, Cierra B.; Venzant Chambers, Terah T. – Journal of Research on Leadership Education, 2019
This conceptual analysis centers two historical periods in which Black communities in the United States secured educational rights for themselves in spite of (not because of) intervention from the federal government. Drawing from the Critical Race Theory, the authors argue that Reconstruction and the post-"Brown" era offer valuable…
Descriptors: United States History, War, African American History, Educational History
Noboa-Rios, Abdin – Peter Lang Publishing Group, 2019
The 2014-2015 academic year marked the first year that American, preK-12 public school enrollment became majority nonwhite, with Hispanic/Latino as the largest minority. Population shifts have continued to occur, with Latinos now representing 28% of public school students. American public schools are in trouble, with national achievement reaching…
Descriptors: Hispanic Americans, Hispanic American Students, Minority Group Students, Ethnicity
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Sdunzik, Jennifer; Johnson, Chrystal S.; Kong, Ningning N. – History Teacher, 2021
United States history classrooms have the potential to simultaneously foster an understanding of students' cultures and experiences today in relation to the nation's history and develop critical thinking and technology literacy. Yet classroom materials and instructors tend to avoid, ignore, or misrepresent controversial topics such as race and…
Descriptors: Faculty Development, History Instruction, Academic Achievement, African American History
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Hale, Jon – Journal of Negro Education, 2018
This article provides a history of Black southern teacher associations and the civil rights agenda they articulated from Reconstruction through the desegregation of public schools in the 1970s. Black teacher associations demonstrated historic agency by demanding a fundamental right to an education, equal salaries, and the right to work during the…
Descriptors: African American Teachers, Teacher Associations, Geographic Regions, School Segregation