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Whitehurst, Grover J.; Chingos, Matthew M.; Lindquist, Katharine M. – Brookings Institution, 2014
The evidence is clear: better teachers improve student outcomes, ranging from test scores to college attendance rates to career earnings. Federal policy has begun to catch up with these findings in its recent shift from an effort to ensure that all teachers have traditional credentials to policies intended to incentivize states to evaluate and…
Descriptors: Teacher Evaluation, Observation, Teacher Effectiveness, Outcomes of Education
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Arnold, Michael L.; Biscoe, Belinda; Farmer, Thomas W.; Robertson, Dylan L.; Shapley, Kathy L. – Regional Educational Laboratory Southwest (NJ1), 2007
Clearly defining what rural means has tangible implications for public policies and practices in education, from establishing resource needs to achieving the goals of No Child Left Behind in rural areas. The word "rural" has many meanings. It has been defined in reference to population density, geographic features, and level of economic…
Descriptors: Rural Urban Differences, Federal Legislation, Urban Areas, Public Agencies