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Richland, Lindsey E.; Kornell, Nate; Kao, Liche Sean – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 2009
Testing previously studied information enhances long-term memory, particularly when the information is successfully retrieved from memory. The authors examined the effect of unsuccessful retrieval attempts on learning. Participants in 5 experiments read an essay about vision. In the test condition, they were asked about embedded concepts before…
Descriptors: Testing, Long Term Memory, Positive Reinforcement, Experiments
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LoSchiavo, Frank M.; Shatz, Mark A.; Poling, Devereaux A. – Teaching of Psychology, 2008
In recent years, national policy experts have questioned the overall quality of educational research, and they have suggested that researchers strengthen their scientific methods by maximizing the use of experimental designs. To promote more rigorous methodology, we discuss several new and often-overlooked opportunities for incorporating…
Descriptors: Educational Research, Scholarship, Psychology, Experiments