This bulletin reports on the contributions of the Federal Government to the improvement of language and area studies. This report indicates that two fundamental conclusions have become readily apparent: (1) non-Western studies have received material assistance under the National Defense Education Act of 1958 (NDEA) without which the present high level of scholarly activity at 55 language and area centers would not have been possible and without which the increase in manpower trained in modern foreign languages would not have been effected; and (2) this has been accomplished without suggestion of Federal interference. In its assessment of the impact of NDEA on non-Western studies, this report has drawn heavily on the considerable body of literature now available on this subject. The present report covers the first 5 years of the NDEA language and area centers program, although for the fourth year (1963-64) some of the data are based on advance estimates rather than on final reports. Appendices include: (1) U.S. Office of Education Policy Bulletins on the NDEA Language and Area Centers Program (L. G. Derthick); (2) Statement of 53 University Foreign Language and Area Center Directors on Title VI of the National Defense Education Act, October 14, 1962; (3) A Survey of Intensive Programs in the Uncommon Languages, Summer 1962 (Henry M. Hoenigswald, Ernest N. McCarus, Richard B. Noss, Joseph K. Yamagiwa); (4) Report on Chicago Seminar of the Committee on Summer Programs in Connection with NDEA Language and Area Center Programs; and (5) statistical tables. A selected bibliography is also included. (Contains 5 footnotes, 11 tables, and 6 figures.) [Best copy available has been provided.]