This article reports on analysis of "A Master Plan for Bilingual-Bicultural Education (MP)," created after the "Lau v. Nichols" Supreme Court ruling. Qualitative analyses reveal authors' intention to: 1) intertwine language and culture; 2) promote richly diverse multilingualism; and 3) systemically embed its implementation…

Two-way dual language immersion programs (TWDL) aim to integrate English speakers and speakers of a partner language in the same classroom to receive content instruction in both languages. Stated goals include bilingualism and biliteracy, high academic achievement, and sociocultural competence. In school districts aiming to reduce segregation,…

The landscape of K-12 education funding in the United States is exceptionally complex. When it comes to funding an equitable, high-quality education for English Learners (ELs), discussions often focus on federal funds under Title III of the "Every Student Succeeds Act" (ESSA)--an important source of funding for many aspects of ELs'…

This article reviews the impacts of the civil rights policies framed in the 1960s and the anti-civil rights political and legal movements that reversed them. It documents rising segregation by race and poverty. The policy reversals and transformation of U.S. demography require a new civil rights strategy. Vast immigrations, the sinking White…

This article describes one researcher's journey as an experimental psycholinguist through changes in practice and policy in the education of English language learners in the United States from the 1970s to the present day. The development of key debates on issues such as bilingualism, language of instruction, and the inclusion of English language…

The purpose of this position paper was to explore the challenges faced by principals in creating equitable opportunities for English language learners (ELLs) in the United States. We questioned "To what extent are educational leaders encouraged to create environments that value cultural diversity and the promotion of English language…

Background:This study grew out of a recent Supreme Court case known as "Horne v Flores." The case began in 1992 in Nogales, Arizona when a 4th grade English learner (EL), Miriam Flores, sued the district and the state for failing to provide her (and other EL students) with an appropriate education as guaranteed by the Equal Educational…

Presents the text of a unanimous Supreme Court opinion delivered by Justice Douglas, as well as two separate concurring opinions, which granted non-English speaking Chinese students' petition for relief from unequal and unconstitutional educational opportunities resulting from an absence of English language instruction. (Author/SF)

An analysis of the judicial and educational issues surrounding the Lau V. Nichols case in which suit was brought on behalf of 1800 Chinese-American students attending San Francisco public schools on the basis that they are being denied equal educational opportunity because they do not speak English. This case commentary argues for the plaintiffs…

A review of the national and state legislation dealing with bilingual education is presented in the context of an introductory history of the bilingual movement in the United States. This history falls into two periods; the first from 1840-1920, and the second from 1960 to the present. The goal of bilingual education, to teach English without…

This paper focuses on two issues: (1) whether bilingual education programs are the only way to satisfy the Supreme Court decision in Lau v. Nichols and (2) whether research findings clearly indicate that the bilingual approach is the best way to educate language-minority children. (CT)

Develops specific guidelines for establishing a bilingual education plan based on an analysis of the Lau v. Nichols decision and a series of federal laws. Argues that such a program will aid courts that must mandate the establishment of bilingual education plans. (MLF)

Highlights the more common objections raised to the Notice of Proposed Rule Making (1980) regarding bilingual educational rights of national origin minority children and responds to those objections with factual information. (CM)

The values of individualized education have in recent years taken on new strength. The cases and the statutes which have contributed to that increasing strength suggest that it may be possible to realize these values within the public school system itself. (Author/EB)

Traces recent developments in the Supreme Court's view of the responsibilities of school districts to offer educational programs for linguistic-minority students. Also outlines various conceptions of appropriate instruction for these students ranging from English as a Second Language (ESL) to bilingual-bicultural programs. (Author/RK)