"Castañeda v. Pickard" (648 F.2d 989, [5th Cir. 1981]) was a significant legal case in the history of educational policy for non-native English-speaking students in the United States. The case established a three prong 'test' for programs for those students, including the right for students to have an educational program based on sound…

Two-way dual language immersion programs (TWDL) aim to integrate English speakers and speakers of a partner language in the same classroom to receive content instruction in both languages. Stated goals include bilingualism and biliteracy, high academic achievement, and sociocultural competence. In school districts aiming to reduce segregation,…

In US public schools, linguistic diversity is growing rapidly with an increasing number of students who are learning English. Federal and state policies lay the foundation for language acquisition through (re)classification processes for English Learners (ELs). However, the classification process runs the risk of establishing separate services for…

The evaluation of locally-funded bilingual education programs differs methodologically from that of federally-funded programs. In the latter, comparisons are made between the performance of limited English proficiency (LEP) students in bilingual programs with those LEP students not in the programs, to determine what the proficiency of the program…

An analysis of the judicial and educational issues surrounding the Lau V. Nichols case in which suit was brought on behalf of 1800 Chinese-American students attending San Francisco public schools on the basis that they are being denied equal educational opportunity because they do not speak English. This case commentary argues for the plaintiffs…

The author discusses bi-lingual elementary education, with examples from various ongoing programs, giving background philosophy, experiences in setting up a program, discussion of the significance of the Lau v. Nichols decision, and some thoughts on future direction. (MB)

This document provides a detailed discussion of two laws and three court cases affecting the education of non-English speaking children. Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 addresses equal education opportunities for all Americans. The Four Point Memorandum issued by the Department of Health, Education and Welfare specifically deals with…

There have been four major court decisions affecting bilingual education: Lau v. Nichols, Serna v. Portales, Aspira v. the New York Board of Education and Keyes v. Denver School District No. 1. Lau v. Nichols was an action brought by non-English-speaking Chinese-origin students claiming to be denied an education because they could not comprehend…

The implications for research of the Lau regulations, the political climate in which the regulations were withdrawn, and the Lau remedies are explored. Research activities have been mandated by the Bilingual Education Act of 1978 in the areas of needs assessment, the quality of educational services, and the effectiveness of Title VII programs.…

This paper presents a brief historical overview and summary of the various approaches and recent developments in the field of bilingual education. The controversy that exists with respect to the different approaches to bilingual education has prevented the development of national goals and guidelines and the preparation of adequate evaluation…

The history and issues leading to the Supreme Court decision which recognized the special educational needs and rights of limited English speaking students is traced in this article. Also discussed are the ensuing community struggles for the right to fashion the appropriate relief mandated by the Supreme Court and for the right to have quality…

This book's purpose is to satisfy a perceived need for a straightforward, non-academic, non-bureaucratically worded guide to bilingual education planning and to provide objective information on compliance procedures and federal and state funding opportunities to school district policy planners, whether they be administrators, teachers, or parents.…

The articles included in these proceedings are presented in order to give some insight into the meaning and scope of bilingualism and bilingual education. The volume is divided into sections respresenting the following five areas of concern in bilingual education: philosophy, legal aspects, language and linguistics, culture, and techniques and…

This paper sets forth the position of the Michigan State Board of Education regarding bilingual instruction. First is a summary of policies already established as a result of the adoption of "The Common Goals of Michigan Education," the rulings of the U.S. Supreme Court as enunciated in Lau vs Nichols, federal legislation (ESEA Title…

This is the first in a series of papers on research, development, and training for bilingual/multicultural education. The first two sections of the paper describe Task Force findings specifying remedies available for eliminating past educational practices ruled unlawful under Lau v Nichols, particularly the section dealing with identification of…