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Direct linkBlume, Grant H.; Long, Mark C. – Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 2014
Affirmative action in college admissions was effectively banned in Texas by the Hopwood ruling in 1997, by voter referenda in California and Washington in 1996 and 1998, and by administrative decisions in Florida in 1999. The "Hopwood" and "Johnson" rulings also had possible applicability to public colleges throughout Alabama,…
Descriptors: Affirmative Action, College Administration, State Legislation, Court Litigation
Download full textGarces, Liliana M. – Civil Rights Project / Proyecto Derechos Civiles, 2012
This study examines whether bans on affirmative action across four states-- Texas (during "Hopwood v. State of Texas"), California (with Proposition 209), Washington (with Initiative 200), and Florida (with One Florida Initiative)--have reduced the enrollment rates of underrepresented students of color in graduate studies and in a…
Descriptors: Affirmative Action, Graduate Students, Enrollment, Minority Group Students
Roemer, Ann – College and University, 2011
Ever since the founding of this country, equality, freedom, and justice have been the underlying values of America's political and educational systems. More than 150 years later, higher education policymakers in the United States began to incorporate these values into their admissions decisions by including ethnic and racial diversity as a stated…
Descriptors: African Americans, Higher Education, Campuses, Second Language Learning
