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Direct linkLong, Mark C.; Bateman, Nicole A. – Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 2020
Affirmative action was banned in California, Texas, Washington, and Florida in the 1990s. Following this early wave, additional states banned the practice, including Arizona, Georgia, Michigan, Nebraska, New Hampshire, and Oklahoma. In response to concerns about underrepresented minorities' falling college enrollment in flagship public…
Descriptors: Disproportionate Representation, Affirmative Action, Public Colleges, Minority Group Students
Blume, Grant H.; Long, Mark C. – Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 2014
Affirmative action in college admissions was effectively banned in Texas by the Hopwood ruling in 1997, by voter referenda in California and Washington in 1996 and 1998, and by administrative decisions in Florida in 1999. The "Hopwood" and "Johnson" rulings also had possible applicability to public colleges throughout Alabama,…
Descriptors: Affirmative Action, College Administration, State Legislation, Court Litigation
