This book examines the impact of World War II on college campuses and how the large military influence during that period affected such areas as the emergence of new fields of study, the role of the professor, and the social utility of higher education. Specific chapters examine Army, Navy, and Army Air Forces College Training Programs; how colleges adjusted to the war; the impact of military training on college campuses; and the role of colleges and universities in defense extension programs. Overall, the war is seen to have had significant impact on colleges and universities, the effects of which, in different ways, continued to be felt for years afterward. The final chapter examines these changes in the areas of finance, academic freedom, the development of services for veterans, the creation of academic credit for military service, and the creation of the GI Bill. (Contains a 143-item bibliography.) (GLR)