On June 30, 2020, the U.S. Supreme Court held, in "Espinoza v. Montana," that the First Amendment's Free Exercise Clause precludes states from excluding religious schools from private school choice programs. Writing for the majority, Chief Justice John Roberts concluded: "A State need not subsidize private education. But once a State decides to do so, it cannot disqualify some private schools solely because they are religious." But, as Justice Stephen Breyer asked in his dissenting opinion, "What about charter schools?" Can states prohibit religious charter schools? All states with charter schools currently do so. Are these restrictions constitutionally required, as is commonly assumed? Or, on the contrary, are they unconstitutional after "Espinoza"? This report addresses these questions. Efforts to permit religious charter schools (by legislation and/or litigation) will likely be undertaken in the near future. This report discusses the legal issues raised by such efforts, examining whether the First Amendment's Establishment Clause permits religious charter schools and whether the First Amendment's Free Exercise Clause precludes states from prohibiting them.