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Bruno, Paul; Goldhaber, Dan – National Center for Analysis of Longitudinal Data in Education Research (CALDER), 2021
Students' performance on standardized tests is clearly predictive of their later outcomes (Goldhaber & Özek, 2019) but whether the costs of administering tests are justified by the value of the tests for improving students' outcomes is controversial. This controversy fuels heated debates over federal testing requirements, such as those…
Descriptors: COVID-19, Pandemics, Standardized Tests, Testing