Signed into law in 1972, Title IX of the Education Amendments was designed to eliminate gender discrimination throughout the American educational system. Title IX applied to all educational programs at any level of schooling including admissions, financial aid, academic programs, and social organizations. However, Title IX has primarily been…

This study explores four instances where parental choice has been employed as a legal "circuit breaker": (a) First Amendment Establishment Clause cases related to public funding, (b) Fourteenth Amendment Equal Protection cases regarding race-conscious student assignment, (c) Title IX regulations concerning single-sex education, and (d) a…

In the 21 months since U.S. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan stood on an iconic bridge in Selma, Alabama, and pledged to aggressively combat discrimination in the nation's schools, federal education officials have launched dozens of new probes in school districts and states that reach into civil rights issues that previously received little, if…

The Supreme Court's recent decision in "Fitzgerald v. Barnstable School Committee" (2009) expands the opportunities for students and their parents to sue school boards for alleged sex discrimination. Even so, as discussed here, "Fitzgerald" should have little effect on the day-to-day operations of school systems. This column…

The bulk of this report deals with the Office for Civil Rights enforcement of Title IX provisions and the implementation of those provisions within the Education Division of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. The committee's recommendations focus on Title IX as it interrelates with federal education policy intent, enforcement by the…

A preliminary overview of the constitutional issues in the relationship between higher education and federal regulation or control is offered. Reference is made to the Dartmouth College case and the views of Yale President Kingman Brewster, and to implications of Title IX regulations. (LBH)

The purposes of this report are to identify which federal agencies other than the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare have educational programs covered by Title IX; to survey those agencies to determine if they are enforcing Title IX by means of regulations, orders, or termination of funding; to identify problems of intragovernmental…

This government publication covers hearings regarding the amendment to Title IX on prohibition of sex discrimination, referred to as the "Tower Amendment" (Sept. 16-18, 1975). Testimoney by those interested in supporting and defeating this amendment is published in the form of papers, letters and signatures, and indicates the need for…

Argues that the general language of the Title IX statute, together with certain specific features of it, strongly suggests that the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare should develop more stringent and demanding regulations based on social policy considerations concerning sex discrimination in intercollegiate sports. Available from Yale…

This publication presents and explains Part 86 of the regulations of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Part 86 was added to the regulations in order to effectuate title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972. Title IX is similar to title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, except that title IX applies only to sex discrimination, is…

The article reviews the 1984 Grove City College v Bell case in which the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that prohibition of sex discrimination in federally supported educational activities, applied only to programs receiving aid and not to the entire institution. Trends leading to congressional overturn of the Grove City decision in 1988 are noted.…

A new Education Department statement on athletic scholarships, intended to clarify the term "substantially proportionate" in assessing scholarship allocation to women, has turned some colleges from institutions in compliance with Title IX's gender-equity provisions into ones that could be breaking the law. How many institutions are…

This booklet outlines the Federal laws and regulations prohibiting discrimination in educational institutions and programs. It is not a comprehensive listing of all antidiscrimination laws, but rather a guide to laws and regulations that may be used for individual and group action. The primary emphasis in this pamphlet is on the protection of…

Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in student programs and in virtually every aspect of employment policy and practice in education institutions receiving Federal funds. The purposes of this booklet are to review briefly data and legislation relating to issues of equal employment opportunity…

The position paper of the American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers, submitted to the Title IX/Title XI Reauthorization Task Force of the higher education community in anticipation of the legislation's reauthorization process in 1997, addresses the federal role in graduate education and explains the importance of…