The high percentage of female undergraduate students at predominantly black colleges and universities makes it difficult for many Division I institutions to meet the male/female proportionality standards for athletics programs. Concentration of African-American athletes in just a few sports is also a factor. Some institutions are dropping sports…

Federal policy regarding equal opportunity for men and women in intercollegiate athletics under Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 is viewed as a form of distributive policy that fails to incorporate principles of supply (spaces on teams) and differential demand among men and women. The result is seen to be another form of…

This article highlights changes in elementary, secondary, and vocational schools, as well as in colleges and universities, that have followed the passage of Title IX. Discussed are changes in enrollment demographics, employment in education, athletics, and curricular options. Implications for teacher education are also outlined. (JMK)