Purpose: America's College Promise (ACP) is a legislative initiative introduced by President Obama to increase access to higher education, to build the economy, and to support his earlier American Graduation Initiative. This legislation has the potential to settle among the ranks of the most influential federal higher education aid and access…

This study sought an understanding of the current trends in the lack of females in leadership positions within collegiate athletic departments amongst California Community Colleges. The passage of Title IX created a new funding stream for women's athletics, resulting in male coaches and administrators entering into the female realm, therefore…

Title IX's legislation has been in place since 1972 and has affected female participation in a positive form towards gender equity. However many institution sill have difficulty complying with the standards mandated by Title IX. Gender equity is established by meeting substantial proportionality, continued expansion, or full accommodations prongs…

Title IX was enacted over 40 years ago, and although there have been marked increases in the number of girls and women participating in athletics at every level, gender equity in athletics continues to be a concern. This is especially evident at the community college level. Title IX requires equity in the areas of opportunities for participation,…

Despite the role that female athletes at the community college level played, it is interesting to note that there is little in the way of a comprehensive history of women's college sports at two-year institutions. To situate the current state of gender equity in athletic programs in two-year institutions in context, this article presents a brief…

This article examines the current state of gender equity in athletic programs offered at two-year institutions. Two overarching questions have guided the research done for this article: (1) How successful have two-year institutions been in responding to the mandate of Title IX of the Education Amendments Act of 1964? and (2) How will the…

This handbook is designed to provide the background information necessary for individuals and community groups to become involved in local vocational education programs in order to help end sex bias, stereotyping, and discrimination in such programs. The first four chapters of the handbook develop the background of the problem, providing…

This document, third in a series by the Study Commission on Undergraduate Education and the Education of Teachers, is to be used in preparing the American educational community and specifically, institutions and people working at the reform of the undergraduate education of teachers, to think through the issues and plan reform programs envisaged…

These materials are intended to provide a workshop design for conducting a one-day training program for representatives of community groups who are, or want to become, involved with helping to promote sex equity within the vocational education system. The workshop is designed (1) to provide representatives of community groups with background…

Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 state, "No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance". This provision paved the way for student-initiated…

The materials included in this booklet are designed for use by participants in Application Sessions A and B for Community Groups working with elementary-secondary schools. These materials are initial drafts prepared for field testing only. They are not the final products to be delivered at the completion of the project. The materials are organized…

Colleges and universities today understand that positive public attitudes about higher education are important because they affect their financial stability and public support of their academic programs. Recent opinion surveys highlight the public's view that colleges should provide more adequate career preparation, while students also see their…

The proceedings of the conference "Women: Their Future in the University and in the Community" are provided. Speakers discussed a variety of concerns that affect all women. In education, the following topics were addressed: the status of affirmative action plans, the establishment of women's studies programs, and the impact of Title IX…

The existence of Federal laws and policies supportive of educational equity for women was challenged with the election of President Reagan in 1980. The Reagan Administration's philosophy of providing block grants to States threatened to eliminate the Women's Educational Equity Act (WEEA) and Title IV of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, both designed…

This 2-day workshop package was developed to address the needs of members of community groups, parents, and other persons not employed by school systems with regard to Title IX and sex equity. The role of the community in reinforcing sex fairness and eliminating sex bias in teacher education curricula and in the classroom is the focus of this…