Since Brown University lost its four-year court battle over athletic program equality issues, most colleges and secondary schools have learned to settle when sued under Title IX. Virginia Tech, University of Kansas, and Howard University are illustrative cases. Since nearly all high schools and colleges are vulnerable, it is wise to prepare for…

Title IX promotes sex fairness in education programs receiving federal funding, including physical education (PE). It states that PE classes may not be segregated by sex except under very specific conditions. This paper presents scenarios that examine what Title IX's PE requirements mean in practice, concluding that educators must understand its…

Describes four legally sensitive scenarios involving student access to the Internet and recommends appropriate strategies to assist principals in reducing exposure to legal action. (PKP)

The courts have more consistently dismembered Title IX than enforced it. (Author/IRT)

School administrators should welcome the growing interest in children's soccer programs because they offer an opportunity to cut athletic costs in half, increase participation in interscholastic athletics, and meet Title IX requirements. (Author/WD)

Lists and describes activities of regional federal offices (General Assistance Centers) that offer services to eligible school systems on race and sex desegregation. (Author/WD)

Previous "School Law" columns discussed developments under Title IX (Educational Amendments of 1970), noting a trend among federal courts to apply Title IX's prohibition against sexual harassment to peer and employee-to-student sexual harassment. A recent Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals decision against the Santa Rosa City School District…

Discusses so-called "gender war" in the classroom. Presents report card on differences between males and females involving grades and tests, academic enrollment, academic interaction and special programs, health and athletics, and career preparation, family, and parenting. (25 references) (PKP)

This booklet on gender equity challenges the old ways of thinking that limited expectations for girls and boys. Breaking the trap where gender determines what is possible means recognizing the limits of mindsets, opening eyes to new options, and encouraging young people to be all they can be. This booklet clarifies for educators and parents…

Two fundamental questions concerning sex discrimination under Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 are addressed in this thirteenth chapter of a book on school law: Does the law apply to employment and did the Department of Health, Education and Welfare (HEW) exceed its authority by covering athletics, which receives no federal funding?…

Although sex discrimination has been widespread in many areas of public school education, in no area has it been so blatant as in athletics. Much of the support for the posture that competitive athletics was morally and physically bad for girls came from the physical education profession itself and from the women in the profession. Misconceptions…

A Supreme Court ruling for a female high school student charging sex discrimination is seen by some as a positive step in Title IX compliance in college athletics, by others as encouraging litigation and emphasis on personal gain. It also gives protection to female staff and students outside athletics. (MSE)

Title IX, an obscure 1972 amendment passed by Congress to prohibit sex discrimination in classrooms and locker rooms, has brought about stunning changes in the restrictions and prejudices confronting young female athletes. Unfortunately, sex discrimination has gone underground, and most women's teams have male coaches. Sidebars provide tips for…

Although the U.S. Supreme Court allows students to sue districts (under Title IX) over teacher-student harassment, federal courts have split over peer harassment. In "Davis v. Monroe County Board of Education" (1999), the Supreme Court ruled that students can sue districts for inadequate responses to reported peer sexual harassment. (MLH)

A total of 20 judges ruled on a 1994 sexual-harassment case including 5 U.S. Supreme Court justices, who decided in a middle- schooler's favor. School districts are liable for violations of Title IX when they knowingly ignore blatant, pervasive abuse that limits a student's educational access. (Contains 28 references.) (MLH)