Using new data on intercollegiate athletes, this article shows that recent improvement in Title IX compliance among NCAA Division I institutions was previously overestimated, and provides the first estimates of compliance in Divisions II and III. In addition, regression analyses investigate how institutional characteristics relate to the extent of…

Given the content of the Reagan administration's New Federalism initiatives and their accompanying effects on Title IX of the 1972 Education Amendments, the logical means of effectively continuing educational equity appear to rest with the states. A dozen states have enacted laws similar to Title IX, and more states are considering enactment of…

In June 2002 the U.S. Secretary of Education established the Secretary's Commission on Opportunities in Athletics. The purpose of the 15-member Commission was to collect information, analyze issues, and obtain broad public input directed at improving the application of current federal standards for measuring equal opportunity for men and women and…

The purpose of this paper, one of three related documents, is to describe the events leading to the creation and organization of the Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education, which was authorized by Congress in 1972 through the Educational Amendments Act. The legislative mandate for the fund was to improve postsecondary educational…

Results are tabulated from an opinionnaire sent to 208 coeducational institutions on perceived advantages and disadvantages of merging departments of physical education. (PBS)

In an effort to further the understanding of gender traits or sexual bias that high school-aged choral music students might be exposed to in their curricular materials, two choral textbooks Choral Connections Beginning Level 1 Treble Voices and Choral Connections Beginning Level 1 Tenor-Bass Voices published by Glencoe MacGraw-Hill in 1999 were…

Discusses discrimination on the basis of sex in public and private school athletics. Writer concludes that such discrimination is violative of Fourteenth Amendment guarantees but also of the provisions within Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972.

The dispute over private remedies under Title IX is part of a more general debate over the extent to which rights of action should be implied from federal statutes, but it has a special urgency because of the fundamental nature of the right involved and the fact that sex equality in education is long overdue. (Author)

Response towards coeducational physical education has been varied due to individual teacher perceptions and administrative support. Many programs may fail due to the dysfunctional nature of change in schools. The use of ability grouping and administrative commitment is suggested as a means of improving sex-integrated physical education. (DF)

Discusses parental involvement in a Title IX case that forced the Tempe, Arizona school district to provide equal funding for a girl's softball field when the district, for reasons of cost containment, had originally wanted the girls to use an adjacent church's field. Observations from both sides and the case's resolution are discussed. (GR)

Title IX promotes sex fairness in education programs receiving federal funding, including physical education (PE). It states that PE classes may not be segregated by sex except under very specific conditions. This paper presents scenarios that examine what Title IX's PE requirements mean in practice, concluding that educators must understand its…

"A Place on the Team" is the inside story of how Title IX revolutionized American sports. The federal law guaranteeing women's rights in education, Title IX opened gymnasiums and playing fields to millions of young women previously locked out. Journalist Welch Suggs chronicles both the law's successes and failures-the exciting…

This booklet on gender equity challenges the old ways of thinking that limited expectations for girls and boys. Breaking the trap where gender determines what is possible means recognizing the limits of mindsets, opening eyes to new options, and encouraging young people to be all they can be. This booklet clarifies for educators and parents…

This is the 1980 annual report of the Women's Educational Equity Act Program. The report's introduction outlines the history of the Women's Educational Equity Act (WEEA) and describes the program's goals. A statistical summary of the distribution of financial grants is presented, with grants listed by geographical region, type of applicant, and…

A definition and rationale for full equity under Title IX legislation in terms of outcomes for students and benefits for school districts are given in this article. The relationship of compliance to equity is explored through an analysis of short-term and long-term costs and benefits for students and schools in both minimal and maximal equity…